Everything You Need to Know About Oil Pastels
Oil pastels are a versatile and vibrant medium for artists.
They are soft, creamy, and can be easily blended, making them ideal for creating smooth gradients and rich textures. But what is oil pastel painting exactly, and what are oil pastels made of? And are they toxic in any way?
I answer these questions and more in this article (including what I consider the best oil pastels).
What are oil pastels made of?
Oil pastels typically consist of three main components: pigment, a non-drying oil, and a wax binder. Some manufacturers also add stabilizers and fillers.
Let’s look at each component in detail.
- Pigment: These are powdery substances that provide the color. The type and quality of pigments used in oil pastels can affect the brightness and permanence of the colors. Typically the more expensive brands have higher quality pigments.
- Oil: The oil in oil pastels helps bind the pigment and gives the oil pastel its creamy consistency. Unlike oils in oil paints, the non-drying oils in oil pastels do not harden significantly over time.
- This is why artists often ask, “Do oil pastels ever dry?” The answer is that oil pastels do remain pliable, unlike traditional oil paints (another reason why I love oil pastels).
- Binder: Wax binder helps the medium maintain its stick-like shape while also adding to its ability to spread over a surface. The wax used can also affect the hardness or softness of oil pastels.
- Fillers: Some manufacturers may add stabilizers or fillers to enhance the texture or modify other characteristics of the oil pastel.
The Non-Drying Binder: Why Oil Pastels Aren’t Crayons
The unique composition of oil pastels, which combines pigment, oil, and wax, is why they are often mistakenly called oil paint crayons or silky crayons.
Unlike standard wax crayons, the high concentration of non-drying oil makes them much creamier and more blendable too.
Finally, oil pastels are wrapped in a light paper that can be peeled away as the medium is used up with each drawing session.
I recommend that artists check each manufacturer’s information for any specific concerns or needs related to the composition of oil pastels.
Some artists, are concerned about the archival quality of their work and may opt for brands known for their longevity and lightfastness. There is also legitimate concern about the potential toxicity of oil pastels. Let’s go over that issue next.
Oil Pastels vs. Soft Pastels
Many artists sometimes confuse oil pastels with soft pastels or chalk pastels.
If you are wondering about the difference between these mediums, or if soft pastels are the same as oil pastels, they are not the same! The binders in each are fundamentally different.
For a complete breakdown of the distinct properties, including dust, blending, and permanence, check out my full article: Oil Pastels vs. Soft Pastels.
Are oil pastels toxic?
The potential for toxicity is a valid concern for many artists, especially those who frequently use them or work in enclosed spaces. The answer varies depending on the brand and composition of the oil pastels. Here’s a breakdown:
- Pigments: Some historical pigments, like lead white or cadmium-based colors, can be toxic. However, many modern oil pastels, especially those designed for students or children, use non-toxic or less toxic pigment alternatives. Always check the label for information regarding toxic pigments.
- Non-drying Oils and Wax Binder: These are generally non-toxic. However, it’s still not advisable to ingest any art materials.
- Additives: Some oil pastels might contain stabilizers or fillers, which are typically non-toxic, but it’s always best to verify with the manufacturer.
- Dust and Particles: Unlike soft or chalk pastels, oil pastels don’t produce significant dust. Hence, the risk of inhaling potentially harmful particles is minimal.
Tips for Safe Use:
- Avoid Ingestion: Never place oil pastels or any art materials in your mouth. Ensure children using them are supervised.
- Wash Hands: After using oil pastels, wash your hands thoroughly to prevent potential ingestion of residues during eating or touching your face.
- Read Labels: Always check the labels for any health or safety information. Some products may carry the AP (Approved Product) label, indicating they’re non-toxic and safe for use by artists. In contrast, products with a CL (Cautionary Labeling) seal may contain ingredients that can be harmful if misused.
- Ventilation: While oil pastels don’t give off fumes like some solvents or mediums, it’s still a good idea to work in a well-ventilated area, especially if you’re sensitive to various substances.
- Storage: Store oil pastels in a cool, dry place and away from food or areas where food is prepared.
While many oil pastels are generally non-toxic, especially those designed for children or classroom use, it’s always wise to handle them with basic precautions and be informed by reading product labels.
The Versatility of Oil Pastels: Drawing or Painting?
While oil pastels are technically a drawing medium, they are often used for painting with oil pastels because of their rich, painterly effects. You can create different textures, from thin washes using solvents to thick, textured impasto, for example.
If you are a beginner looking for practical advice on application, or if you are looking for ideas on what to make with oil pastels, the best place to start is my comprehensive, step-by-step guide.
Click here to learn: How to Use Oil Pastels: A Beginner’s Step-by-Step Guide
If you are looking for ideas on what to make with oil pastels, they are excellent for creating landscapes, still life, and abstract art. Learn more techniques in my guide on Oil Pastel Blending: Techniques and Tools for Your Art.
What Are the Best Oil Pastels?
To answer the question what are the best oil pastels, or even what are good oil pastels in general is so highly subjective and depends on your budget and skill level.
For professional results, you’ll want high-pigment, artist-grade pastels. I review my personal favorite, Sennelier oil pastels here: Sennelier Oil Pastels article.
If you’re a beginner, student-grade pastels are perfect for practice. For my full breakdown, check out my Oil Pastels Brand Comparison article.
